1. Explain the concept of inheritance in object-oriented programming and provide an example.
2. How does encapsulation contribute to code maintainability and security in OOP?
3. Discuss the benefits of polymorphism and provide an example of its use in a real-world scenario.
4. What is abstraction, and how does it help in managing complexity in software development?
5. Describe the difference between abstract classes and interfaces in Java, and when would you use each one?
6. How do you achieve method overriding in OOP, and what are its advantages?
7. Can you explain the concept of composition over inheritance and when it's preferable to use it?
8. Discuss the SOLID principles in OOP and how they help in writing scalable and maintainable code.
9. What are design patterns, and can you give examples of commonly used design patterns in software development?
